Organizational Environment

Cost, health care providers, and health information systems.

Cost and Time 

POSITIVE

  • Less travel costs and waiting time

  • Complete tasks at patients’ own pace

  • Less time consuming

  • Faster response

  • Real-time feedback or timely support 

___________



Design Procedures

POSITIVE

  • User-centered design or human-centered design

  • Inter-organizational collaboration

  • Co-design or participatory development methodology

  • Inclusive design

  • Involvement of multi-stakeholder and multidisciplinary teams in the early design stages

NEGATIVE

  • High start-up costs, ongoing costs, and costs related to loss of revenue

  • The cost of damage to equipment

  • Unrealistic financial reimbursement and higher costs relevant to internet or equipment

  • Time consuming for daily monitoring or recharging devices

  • Energy to complete “one more task”

  • Disruption to the daily routine

  • Lack of timely feedback

  • Long waiting times for digital health calls 

___________


Health Care Providers

POSITIVE

  • Many more HCPs

  • Clinical positive opinion and approval

  • Polite attitudes

  • Good communication skills

NEGATIVE

  • Clinician resistance (eg, less positive views on digital health)

  • Undermined clinical capacity and professional identity

  • Increased clinical workload

  • Impeded communication with patients

  • Over-treatment

___________


Health Information Systems

POSITIVE

  • The compatibility, interoperability, integration, sustainability, and completeness of systems

  • The clarity and transparency on accountability, workflow, and data processing

  • Clear information on required stakeholder responsibility

NEGATIVE

  • Lack of compatibility and interoperability of the system with different mobile operating systems and terminals

  • Poor integration and working relationship between the service team

  • Lack of adequate installation

  • Connectivity issues between medical devices and mobile terminals

    Limitation on scalability

___________


How to address...

  • Reduce equipment or service cost and time; 

  • improve health care providers’ professional ability, communication skills, and service attitudes across the use of digital health; 

  • increase workflow transparency and clarify accountability; 

  • improve system integration and compatibility.